Sustainable Ski Carbon Index 2027

Scope 1 + Scope 2 emissions divided by annual skier-day count. Scope 1 = direct fuel burn (piste-bashers, snowmobiles, on-mountain restaurant kitchens). Scope 2 = purchased electricity for lifts, snowmaking, lodging and lighting. Crucially, it excludes Scope 3 — visitor travel to/from the resort, which is usually the largest single category and varies dramatically by origin. The index lets you compare the resort's own operational efficiency on equal terms; you must add your own travel footprint separately.

Even when a resort buys 100% renewable electricity certificates, its Scope 2 carbon accounting must use the location-based national grid emission factor as a sanity check (per the GHG Protocol). Italy's grid emits 178 g CO2/kWh (gas + imports); Austria's 156 g/kWh. Norway (24 g) and Finland (38 g) are structurally cleaner. The certificates don't change the physical grid mix — they fund additional renewable capacity. We report the location-based figure here because it reflects the real molecules powering the lift.

A single short-haul return flight (London-Geneva, 2.5h) generates ~250 kg CO2e per passenger — roughly 30 days of resort operations at a clean-grid resort, or 20 days at an Alpine resort. A long-haul return (London-Vancouver) generates ~2,400 kg — equivalent to an entire ski season of operations at Pyhä. Flight choice dwarfs resort choice for visitors travelling more than 1,000 km. Rail to Alpine resorts cuts the travel footprint by 90%; that's why train-accessible Alpine resorts (Saas-Fee, Zermatt, Chamonix, Les Arcs) often outperform North American hydro-powered destinations on total trip footprint.

Operational figures come from each resort's published ESG/sustainability report (where available), cross-checked against IEA national grid emission factors (2025 dataset). ISO 14001, EMAS, Green Globe and Green Key certifications require third-party audit of environmental claims. Flocon Vert (France) and SF Eco-label (Finland) are independently audited. Resorts marked 'None reported' have no public ESG report — figures are estimated from grid factors and disclosed lift capacity. We update the index annually as new reports publish (typically Q2 each year).